Online Reference Tools
Arabic Search Engines Ayna Google al-Arabiyah Naseej Konouz Hahooa ArabGate (Bawabat al-Arab)
Dictionaries Arabic Arabic-English Lexicon (Edward William Lane) An Arabic - English Lexicon derived from the best and the most copious eastern sources Arabic-Hebrew dictionary - Online edition (David Ayalon & Pesah Shinar) Arabic-Hebrew/Hebrew Arabic dictionary Sakhr Dictionary (Arabic/English/French) English-Arabic Online Dictionary
Coptic A Coptic Dictionary (W. E. Crum)
Persian Persian Online Dictionary (Persian-English/English-Persian) Online English - Persian Dictionary Online Farsi-English and English-Farsi dictionary
Syriac A Compendious Syriac Dictionary (Robert Payne Smith)
Turkish Turkce Sozluk / Turkish dictionary Hazar dictionary (Multi lingual) Online English-Turkish Dictionary of Computer Terms
Date Converter Date Converter (al-Islam)
Directories and Encyclopedias Les 100 Portes du Proche-Orient ArabNet - The Resource for the Arab World in the Middle East & North Africa|Arab View Arabia.Com al-Bab.com (Arab gateway) CIA Publications and Handbooks Congressional Research Service Reports on the Middle East (FAS - Federation of American Scientists) Collection of Congressional Research Services (CRS) reports on Middle East countries . Topics include Iraq elections and post-war Iraq, Israeli-U.S. relations, Middle East peace talks, the Morocco-U.S. Free Trade Agreement, and others Encyclopaedia of the Orient Mamluk Bibliography Online (Middle East Documentation Center at the University of Chicago) Middle East Internet Pages The Middle East-North Africa Internet Resource Guide League of Arab States OACIS for the Middle East (Yale University Library) Online Access to Consolidated Information on Serials Theottomans.org An information portal regarding the history, military, culture and arts of the Ottoman Empire Salaam Biographical Dictionary Contains some 2,000 short biographies of famous Muslim figures from Koranic times to the 20th century, including quite a few Arab and Iranian politicians United Nations Home Page The World-Wide Web Virtual Library: Middle East Studies Last updated: 17/3/08
